Journal of Innovations in Social and Applied Sciences

Double-blind peer review · Immediate open access
Volume 1 (2025), Issue 2

Detecting Misinformation on Social Media Using Transformer-Based Language Models and Explainable Artificial Intelligence

Ayman Aboalndr Mohamed Aboalndr Department of Management Information Systems, Higher Institute of Management and Information Technology
Waleed M. Ead Faculty of Computing and Information, Al-Baha University
Open Access — CC-BY-4.0
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Keywords: Misinformation Detection; Social Media; Transformer; BERT; RoBERTa; Explainable Artificial Intelligence; LIAR Dataset; Fake News Detection
Abstract

The rapid dissemination of short claims on social media makes it challenging to detect misinformation, since it involves a classification problem where the model is required to distinguish various levels of truthfulness rather than just true and false. This paper presents an explainable transformer-based model for classifying social-media-style claims that decouples model explanation from factual verification. The public LIAR benchmark that this study revolves arounds contains a total of 12,836 manually fact-checked and labelled short statements from the source PolitiFact. It uses six different labels for truthfulness. A transformer encoder transforms any claim into a contextual representation, a multiclass classification head estimates the label probabilities, with a token-level explainability layer identifies words with the strongest influence on the prediction. Faithfulness is the reduction in predicted-class score after removing tokens that are highly attributed. The authors also offer a reproducible experimental protocol for BERT and RoBERTa while anchoring the task’s anticipated difficulty to released LIAR results, instead of inventing unexecuted measures. The literature demonstrates that six-class RIAR classification is considerably harder than binary fake-news detection, and that quality of the explanation cannot be inferred from accuracy alone. As a result, the proposed framework views the output of the transformer as a triage signal: it can indicate patterns associated with previously fact-checked claims and reveal the text that the classifier uses, but it does not by itself prove that a new claim is true or false. The effective use of automated misinformation detection on social networks and fact-checking workflows hinges on this distinction.

How to Cite
Ayman Aboalndr Mohamed Aboalndr, Waleed M. Ead (2025). Detecting Misinformation on Social Media Using Transformer-Based Language Models and Explainable Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Innovations in Social and Applied Sciences (JISAS), 1(2), 62-76.